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<li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://developer.aliyun.com/article/726698">https://developer.aliyun.com/article/726698</a></li>
</ul>
<h2 id="定义"><a href="#定义" class="headerlink" title="定义"></a>定义</h2><ul>
<li>BIO: 同步阻塞IO</li>
<li>NIO: 同步非阻塞IO</li>
<li>AIO: 异步非阻塞IO</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="同步和异步"><a href="#同步和异步" class="headerlink" title="同步和异步"></a>同步和异步</h2><p>IO操作分为两步: 发起IO和实际的IO操作. 其中同步和异步区别在于第二步,若</p>
<ul>
<li>同步: 实际IO操作阻塞、(发起IO之后需要等待或者轮询,直到IO执行完毕,之后才能执行后续操作),-</li>
<li>异步：发起IO之后不阻塞、(后续操作不受影响,只是在操作系统通知IO就绪之后才执行后续IO操作)</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="阻塞和非阻塞"><a href="#阻塞和非阻塞" class="headerlink" title="阻塞和非阻塞"></a>阻塞和非阻塞</h2><p>区别在发起IO这一步</p>
<ul>
<li>阻塞：发起IO之后阻塞,一直等待IO完成</li>
<li>非阻塞：发起IO之后不会一直等待，为非阻塞IO</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="具体区别"><a href="#具体区别" class="headerlink" title="具体区别"></a>具体区别</h2><h3 id="BIO（同步阻塞IO）"><a href="#BIO（同步阻塞IO）" class="headerlink" title="BIO（同步阻塞IO）"></a>BIO（同步阻塞IO）</h3><p>发起IO之后一直等待，直到IO准备就绪，进行后续的IO操作</p>
<h3 id="NIO（同步非阻塞IO）"><a href="#NIO（同步非阻塞IO）" class="headerlink" title="NIO（同步非阻塞IO）"></a>NIO（同步非阻塞IO）</h3><p>发起IO之后会立刻收到一个状态值，标识IO是否准备就绪，如果没有就绪则一直循环</p>
<p>（NIO中使用Selector来同时轮询多个Channel上的事件，避免线程切换的开销）</p>
<h3 id="AIO（异步阻塞IO）"><a href="#AIO（异步阻塞IO）" class="headerlink" title="AIO（异步阻塞IO）"></a>AIO（异步阻塞IO）</h3><p>发起IO之后继续执行后续操作，定义好回调函数，在IO操作执行完毕之后将会主动调用该回调函数</p>
<h2 id="代码实现"><a href="#代码实现" class="headerlink" title="代码实现"></a>代码实现</h2><h3 id="NIO"><a href="#NIO" class="headerlink" title="NIO"></a>NIO</h3><figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">Server</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">(String[] args)</span> <span class="keyword">throws</span> IOException </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        ServerSocketChannel serverSocketChannel = ServerSocketChannel.open();</span><br><span class="line">        serverSocketChannel.bind(<span class="keyword">new</span> InetSocketAddress(<span class="string">&quot;0.0.0.0&quot;</span>,<span class="number">9999</span>), <span class="number">50</span>);</span><br><span class="line">        Selector selector = Selector.open();</span><br><span class="line">        serverSocketChannel.configureBlocking(<span class="keyword">false</span>);</span><br><span class="line">        serverSocketChannel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">while</span> (<span class="keyword">true</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="comment">// 轮询</span></span><br><span class="line">            selector.select();</span><br><span class="line">            Set&lt;SelectionKey&gt; selectionKeys = selector.selectedKeys();</span><br><span class="line">            Iterator&lt;SelectionKey&gt; iterator = selectionKeys.iterator();</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">while</span> (iterator.hasNext()) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="comment">// 收到新的channel事件</span></span><br><span class="line">                SelectionKey selectionKey = iterator.next();</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="keyword">if</span> (selectionKey.isAcceptable()) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                    <span class="comment">// 连接请求</span></span><br><span class="line">                    ServerSocketChannel serverSocketChannel1 = (ServerSocketChannel) selectionKey.channel();</span><br><span class="line">                    SocketChannel socketChannel = serverSocketChannel1.accept();</span><br><span class="line">                    System.out.println(<span class="string">&quot;收到一条新请求&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">                    socketChannel.configureBlocking(<span class="keyword">false</span>);</span><br><span class="line">                    socketChannel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_READ);</span><br><span class="line">                &#125;<span class="keyword">else</span> <span class="keyword">if</span> (selectionKey.isReadable())&#123;</span><br><span class="line">                    SocketChannel socketChannel = (SocketChannel) selectionKey.channel();</span><br><span class="line">                    ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(<span class="number">200</span>);</span><br><span class="line">                    socketChannel.read(buffer);</span><br><span class="line">                    System.out.println(buffer.toString());</span><br><span class="line">                    socketChannel.close();</span><br><span class="line">                &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">                iterator.remove();</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h3 id="AIO"><a href="#AIO" class="headerlink" title="AIO"></a>AIO</h3><figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br><span class="line">48</span><br><span class="line">49</span><br><span class="line">50</span><br><span class="line">51</span><br><span class="line">52</span><br><span class="line">53</span><br><span class="line">54</span><br><span class="line">55</span><br><span class="line">56</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">Server</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">(String[] args)</span> <span class="keyword">throws</span> InterruptedException </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">new</span> Thread(<span class="keyword">new</span> AioServer(<span class="number">9999</span>)).start();</span><br><span class="line">        TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(<span class="number">60</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">AioServer</span> <span class="keyword">implements</span> <span class="title">Runnable</span></span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">int</span> port;</span><br><span class="line">        AsynchronousChannelGroup group;</span><br><span class="line">        AsynchronousServerSocketChannel serverSocketChannel;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        AioServer(<span class="keyword">int</span> port)&#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">this</span>.port = port;</span><br><span class="line">            init();</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="function"><span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">init</span><span class="params">()</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">try</span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">                ExecutorService executor;</span><br><span class="line">                group = AsynchronousChannelGroup.withCachedThreadPool(</span><br><span class="line">                        Executors.newCachedThreadPool(), <span class="number">5</span>);</span><br><span class="line">                serverSocketChannel = AsynchronousServerSocketChannel.open(group);</span><br><span class="line">                serverSocketChannel.bind(<span class="keyword">new</span> InetSocketAddress(port));</span><br><span class="line">            &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (IOException e) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                e.printStackTrace();</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="meta">@Override</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">run</span><span class="params">()</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">            serverSocketChannel.accept(<span class="keyword">this</span>, <span class="keyword">new</span> AcceptHandler());</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">AcceptHandler</span> <span class="keyword">implements</span> <span class="title">CompletionHandler</span>&lt;<span class="title">AsynchronousSocketChannel</span>, <span class="title">AioServer</span>&gt; </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="meta">@Override</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">completed</span><span class="params">(AsynchronousSocketChannel result, AioServer attachment)</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="comment">// 继续接收下一个请求，构成循环调用</span></span><br><span class="line">            attachment.serverSocketChannel.accept(attachment, <span class="keyword">this</span>);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">try</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                System.out.println(<span class="string">&quot;接收到连接请求：&quot;</span> + result.getRemoteAddress().toString());</span><br><span class="line">            &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (Exception e) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                e.printStackTrace();</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="meta">@Override</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">failed</span><span class="params">(Throwable exc, AioServer attachment)</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
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